Impact Of Reconstruction - 779 Words

The Impacts of the Reconstruction: Continuity and Change Overcoming human prejudice is one of the most difficult challenges any society has faced throughout human history, and will continue to face in the future. During the post-Civil War time period, Radical Republicans and other societal activists made significant efforts in the realm of civil rights. Throughout the time period, three new constitutional amendments were created, education was expanded, and the black population was able to participate in politics at a notable level for the first time in American history. However, like all social movements, there was ultimately pushback to Reconstruction policies. Although the Reconstruction Era led to some changes in the lives of blacks,†¦show more content†¦Once Redeemer governments came back into power, a culture of white supremacy was developed, and white political dominance was regained. Because of this, efforts to disenfranchise and suppress the black population were fu rthered, resulting in the amount of black voters being restricted. Soon after, official segregation was pursued, with facilities being separated on the basis of race. Later on, this prejudicial systematic discrimination against the black population was ultimately upheld by the courts, with the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson that segregated facilities were constitutional, as long as they were equal. However, these facilities were often anything but equal, resulting in long-term discrimination against the black community. Both of these examples clearly show that the Reconstruction, while creating certain political changes, failed to produce true long-term results in the matters of political equality. In a similar way, the social equality was not an impact of the Reconstruction Era, as the black population still faced several barriers in all matters of life. The existence of segregated facilities and Jim Crow laws are sufficient proof that this was the case, however, nothin g shows it better than lynchings, and the existence of the Ku Klux Klan. These violent and bloody actions were often looked over by the local and state legislatures, demonstrating clear societal bias against the black population. The mere fact that the Force ActsShow MoreRelatedThe Positive Impact Of Reconstruction1216 Words   |  5 Pagesuntil you die or until slavery is totally abolished? Well that’s when the Reconstruction Era comes in. The Civil War was a major cause that led to the Reconstruction Era. This was due to the Union winning the war between them and the South. The end of this war was thought to give freedom, peace, and stop the suffering of slaves all over the country, but the South didn’t want to let go of slavery that easily. Reconstruction was when the South was rebuilding and also when the country was trying toRead MoreSocial Reconstruction And Its Impact On Education1297 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Social Reconstruction is a viewpoint or philosophy of education that centers on utilizing education to eradicate social inequities. Supporters of this theory maintain clear views of education. What the function of the teacher will have to be, what the character of curriculum and will have to be, and what the procedure of guideline inside classrooms should be. The role of the teacher is to generate enlightening and thought-provoking classes so that it will open their students’ perceptionsRead More Characteristics and Impacts of American Reconstruction Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesCharacteristics and Impacts of American Reconstruction The key goals of Reconstruction were to readmit the South into the Union and to define the status of freedmen in American society. The Reconstruction era was marked by political, not violent, conflict. Some historical myths are that the South was victimized by Reconstruction, and that the various plans of Reconstruction were corrupt and unjust. Actually, the plans were quite lenient, enforcing military rule for only a short periodRead MoreCivil Reconstruction And Its Impact On The Civil War977 Words   |  4 Pagesnot mean they would live a peaceful life. After slavery ended, Reconstruction was introduced to bring the former Confederate states back into the union . As reconstruction was getting started, Radical Republicans of the North passed the Military Reconstruction Acts of 1867 for revenge on the southerners, which divided the south into five military districts and charted how the new government would operate . As this Military Reconstruction was taking effect across the S outh, African-Americans were ableRead MoreThe United States And Its Impact On The Nation Reconstruction And Redeveloping Regional Armed Forces3333 Words   |  14 Pagesnation from collapse, and to provide support to oppressed groups and populations aligned with similar value structures. It is not a new policy tactic for the United States, there have been several cases where America has played a big role in nation reconstruction and redeveloping regional armed forces. While there have been some successful campaigns in these efforts to fight insurgency, improve conditions in regional civil conflicts, and stabilize areas, it has not always been effective policy. The UnitedRead MoreEssay on Two Part of the United States Reconstruction Era590 Words   |  3 PagesStates’ history, the Reconstruction Era had two senses. From 1865 to 1877 was the first, which involved the post Civil War action. The second sense, focused on the transformation of the Southern United States from 18 63 to 1877 with the Congress directing the issue of reconstruction of state and society (â€Å"Reconstruction Era†). Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the frontier was the chief determinant in American history (â€Å"Frederick Jackson Turner†). Both the Reconstruction impact and Frederick JacksonRead MoreFederal Government During Civil War Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesspecifically the Reconstruction period following it tested these principles to the core. While it may be accurate to characterize governmental struggles that defined Reconstruction as ones that were inter-branch, a more detailed and nuanced survey reveals it was borne more so out of ideologies that were incumbent within each branch. This essay surveys the ideological battles between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the federal government, and evaluates its impact on the idea ofRead MoreImportance Of Crime Scene Reconstruction928 Words   |  4 PagesCrime scene reconstruction is one of many profiling techniques used to build a profile for an offender or to solve a crime. Crime scene reconstruction uses forensic science. First Assumptions are made about how the crime was carried out. Then deductive and inductive reasoning is used to support the theory of how the crime occurred. All piece of evidence at the crime scene is Analyzed. Investigators will conduct interviews of the victim if alive, or potential witness, family members and close friendsRead More‘the Slaves Went Free and Stood for a Brief Moment in the Sun’ Du Bois; How Valid Is This View?888 Words   |  4 Pagesthe sun’ Du Bois; How valid is this view? In 1865 reconstruction begun with the aim of securing racial equality between blacks and whites in the southern states. Du Bois believes that during this period blacks ‘stood for a brief moment in the sun’. There were significant improvements to black lies that took place during this period such as their freedom of movement, re-unification of family units and improvements in education. However reconstruction also failed to secure racial equality in many waysRead MoreImpact Of The Civil War On African Americans860 Words   |  4 PagesCivil War, was terrifying. Then the Reconstruction era was born to restore, reinstate, and unite the United States as one. During the Reconstruction of 1865 through 1867, African American lives were impacted economically because they were given few rights and their resources were limited, socially because they wanted to be given an ordinary lifestyle, and politically because they weren’t allowed to be joined or linked with the govern ment. The economic impact on African Americans is their rights

Sociocultural Development in Young Children - 1154 Words

Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky is a well known to be a theorist who focused on the sociocultural development in young children. Lev Vygotsky strongly believed in the importance of the interaction with peers when it comes to the children’s growing process of learning. Through Vygotsky’s research, he came up with the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD). The zone of proximal development is the range of the child’s development of skills and abilities to which the child is able to complete a task by him or her self and needing a more experienced and knowledgeable person to help the child in order to complete a task. The zone of proximal development is an ongoing process; it constantly moves forward. As the child learns the†¦show more content†¦The zone of proximal development is an effective method to observe which areas every individual student or even as a class needs academic assistance on. Albert Bandura is another well-known theorist came up with the social learning theory. Through Bandura’s research, his theory states that children learn through behaviors as they imitate the behaviors they see around them. Bandura tested his theory with a single bobo doll in an experimental room. First an older woman went into the room that has a bobo doll and she began to â€Å"play† with the bobo doll with violence; she was hitting and kicking the bobo doll around the room; this interaction was also filmed. While the woman was â€Å"playing† with the bobo doll in the room with violence, a child was watching her interaction of play with the bobo doll in the other room through the video, which was filming the woman. The child witnessed an adult woman being very violent with the bobo doll. After the child watched the video of the woman being violent at the bobo doll, the woman came out of the room and the researchers wanted to see the child’s reaction after watching the video. So the researchers sent the boy into the same room the woman was in. The bobo doll was still in the room and the researchers also began to film the child’s behaviors interacting,Show MoreRelatedThe Sociocultural Theory Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pages The sociocultural theory was developed by a theorist named Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky was born in 1896 and was from the former Soviet Union. He was a psychologist who had an abundance of ideas and put them into many theories and writings. Although Vygotsky died from tuberculosis at the young age of thirty-eight, his most prominent work was done in a short period of ten years. When he died in 1934, the Soviet Union held most of his work and it was not until about 1960 that his work was translated intoRead MoreEssay on Lev Vygotsky and Social Development Theory1038 Words   |  5 Pagespsychologist who created the Social Development Theory/ Sociocultural Theory. Vygotsky believed that childrens mental, la nguage, and social development is supported and enhanced through social interaction. Vygotsky also believed that beginning at birth, children seek out adults for social interactions and that development occurs through these interactions. The belief that social development sets a precedent for development(appeals to the nurture side of development). The general idea from this theoryRead MoreThe Effects Of Sociocultural Theories On Children s Learning968 Words   |  4 Pagesin the young generations and their parents until the final episode aired in 2006. In this television series Steve and his friend Blue play a game every show that involves finding Blue’s paw prints and solving the clues to find out what Blue wants. Along the way they play interactive games that involve counting, identifying colors, identifying animals and so much more. This educational program is consistent with current developmental theories and has been successful at educating young children beforeRead Mo reMy Current Perceptions Of Children s Learning Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesfamilies and communities. Sociocultural theory maintains children’s learning is situated in the social and cultural contexts of their families and communities (Arthur et al. 2015, p. 37). Children learn in lots of different ways and in early childhood education the mantra is there is no right or wrong way for learning. How a child learns is completely individual, some children are quick to absorb learning where other children find it challenging to begin, and some other children prefer solitary play forRead MoreSociocultural Theory And Second Language Learning902 Words   |  4 PagesSociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning â€Å"Language is the most pervasive and powerful cultural artefact that humans possess to mediate their connection to the world, to each other, and to themselves† [Lantolf Thorne 2006:201]. The idea of mediation inherent in this notion of the language is a fundamental element of Sociocultural Theory [SCT], one of the most influential approach to learning and mental development since 1990s’, drawing on its origin from the work of soviet psychologistRead MoreVygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Vygotsky (1934 – 1987) Vygotsky perspective on sociocultural1000 Words   |  4 PagesVygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Vygotsky (1934 – 1987) Vygotsky perspective on sociocultural theory, his focal point is how culture relates with beliefs, values, traditions and skills in social surroundings and how they are passed from generation to generation. Vygotsky sates that social interaction is very important and how children socialise with each other in cooperative play and how they use communication with extended people who surround them in society. It is how children obtain ways of howRead MoreSociocultural Theory And The Cultural Construction1486 Words   |  6 PagesSociocultural theory, education is a process of social integration of the individual, which it means that during this process the individuals receiving and accepting the norm of society which is part of the cultural construction, according to Lev Vygotsky. As sociocultural theory is a theory that human learning and cognitive development is a social process possibly by social interaction with culture and society. It has been highligh ted in the news article â€Å"China’s WW2 Remembrance: ‘Patriotic Education’Read MoreChild And Teacher Guided Activities Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesEducation and educating young children in a developmentally appropriate method through the creation of activities that offer each child many opportunities for challenge and success. Support the growth of a child s self-image, self -esteem self- concept. A child s surrounding must offer a safe and stimulating design so that the child could have the freedom to make decisions, Improve and strengthening decision-making abilities. Children should have access to Both child and teacher guided activitiesRead MoreLev Vygostky ´s Sociocultual Theory and Deanna Kahn ´s Metacognitive Development Theory773 Words   |  4 Pagespsychologist Lev Vygostsky and his sociocultural theory. Next, I will be looking at Deanna Kuhn and the Metacognitive development theory. One of the psychologists who made a significant contribution and stimulated a lot of studies in addressing the cultural impact in human development was Vygostsky. He introduced the sociocultural theory, which focused on culture transmission from one generation to another. He also theorized with social interaction, children to acquire the way of thinking andRead MoreParenting Styles and Culture1378 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent parenting styles across cultures. There are also many myths about which parenting style is the best or the most beneficial to the social development of children. Reviewing past literature on this subject matter reveals that the authoritarian parenting style produced more overt aggression and many more social interaction difficulties among young children. Recent research point to the theory that the best parenting style is dictated by the culture in which it is practiced. A study by Whaley (2000)

Management Organizations in a Global Environment

Question: Describe about the Management and Organizations in a Global Environment? Answer: Introduction: Globalization often considered as a cause that arises on the boom time that many economies of the world has experienced before the global financial crisis in 2008. The growth in the global supply chain and international trade were viewed as the prime forces for the prosperity of the global economies. It highlighted that the enthusiasm for the globalization would viewed as economies shrank after the financial crisis. Since, world trade took a hit that increases the fear and protectionism was described. However, many processes had been set so that the world can continue able to gain benefit from the globalization concept. These observations draw connection between globalization and economics, politics and businesses. Many studies have recognized globalization as the kind of phenomenon that may be an effect and cause of several events and with the implications of several disciplines. International events that appear to be beyond the control of anybody can actually have serious impact on the business decision making by influencing the environment within which the business operates. For example, the financial crisis in the USA affected hugely in-spite of its occurrence in an industry with several regulations that is spread across the world. The lack of progress in the negotiation of Doha that commits to free global trade which affects exports of the firms. Governmental responses and terrorism have led to closer examination of the cross boarder movement of the products that raises the operational cost of the businesses. Many restrictions on the visa and immigrant issues are also bounding international choices of developing staffs that actually affecting the globalization process. The evaluation of globalization has to be accommodating the complexity of the present multidimensional nature. However, the globalization concept has able to generate considerable strength in the past few years. Especially, in the industrial sector, introduction of globalization have generat e huge amount of opportunity for the companies. Since, it provided them the opportunity to expand the business all over the world. In fact, studies have identified the fact that globalization plays a key role to a new dimension of the businesses. Main body: As opined by Ghemawat, the 2008 global crisis have forced many individuals to reformulate their beliefs about the globalization and market. The book of world 3.0 highlighted the crisis and its afterwards affects on the economy that covers several reactions across the economic and political spectrum. Many experts have expressed their belief that want and need of the world market and want the financial system of the world to continue its trajectory. Many also argue in favor on the government, as they perceived that the government has little impact on the process of globalization as compared to the marketers. However, financial crisis have influenced economies to restructure the entire economical processes so that it can actually manage to handle future situation like this much more effectively. According to Aas (2013) society have to respond according to the change in the economic condition with completely new strategies. However, Ghemawat brings together completely opposite standards as it joins economic integration with national rules and regulations. The book also proposes more integration so that the economy can able to achieve higher propensity within the rules imposed by the government to surpass those problems that an unbound market can actually cause to the economy. Altbach (2015) emphasizes on the semi-global market. Since, geographical distance or national boundaries are considered as the important distinction. The problems that cause problems for majority of the people about globalization are not that complex, if businesses, individuals, and political authorities approach them with new attitudes and ideas. Understanding of the global market is crucial to fix the problems that are arising from the issue of globalization (Scott 2013). The fixing of the global problems depends on several factors that the economy has to counter. Firstly, the economy will have to focus on the issue of global concentration (Palan, Murphy and Chavagneux 2013). Fears of oligopolies and monopolies arise primarily from the misconception that single-world economy is possible in the market. Many studies have made on the international companies that actually depicts increase amount the competitions among the businesses. Therefore, it reduces the chances of forming global concentrate economy. Global externalities are another factor that mentioned in the book of world 3.0. As many complains that globalization increases a ctivity in both domestic and international market, pollution level also tend to increase (Baylis, Smith and Owens 2013). However, the study mentioned the fact that the environmental affect has minimized with the use of green technology. In fact, global cooperation has cut rain up to 65% in the recent years. In addition, private organizations are also trying to focus on the global ecological issues in order to minimize the negative impact on the environment. Anthony Giddens illustrates globalization as the intensification of social relations linking societies in such a way that all the local incident are shaped by the events, which is happening thousands of miles away (Beck 2015). However, all attempts at defining the processes of globalization not necessarily results in simplification. Giddens describes four factors of globalization. Firstly, it focuses on the world capitalist economy. Since, the major concentration of power is come from the capitalist economy. The international and domestic economic policies of these capitalist states involve many forms of rules that cover economic activity. However, institutional companies maintain insulation. It allows variety of scope for the international activities of the businesses (Benera, Berik and Floro 2015). In present time, the biggest transitional organizations have budget higher than those of all but few countries. The second factor of globalization has participated long in the reflexivit y characteristic of modernity as a whole. According to Docquier and Rapoport (2012) sovereignty have to be evaluated as something that monitored reflexively. It also related to the replacement of the frontiers at the initial state of the nation-state system. In fact, the state claimed the autonomy inside the territory that is passed by the recognition of borders by different states. The third factor illustrates the world military order (Fujita and Thisse 2013). This is crucial since the modern weaponry holds massive destruction power. In fact, every states processes huge excess amount of military. Even the third world weak economy countries are also having powerful military system. At the time of the cold war, the two most developed countries in terms of military power, Soviet Union and the United States of America develop a bipolar system of military alliances of truly global scope. Fourth factor of globalization deals with the industrial development (Dunning 2014). The prime aspec ts of this expansion of the global division of labor, which includes the differentiation between less and more industrialized areas of the world. According to Evans (2012) globalization is a form of increase amount of integration through investment and trade is an important factor that plays a key role in minimizing the global inequality and poverty. However, effectiveness of globalization depends on many other factors as well. In fact, many argue the fact that there is a misconception regarding the kind of impact that globalization actually can make on the poverty level of the society. They argue the fact that the prime impact has been made by the national policies regarding the implementation of the globalization (Narula 2014). Therefore, government of the countries will have to utilize the globalization in such a way that it actually can able to cover negative aspect of the process. According to Hay and Marsh (2016) poverty is one of the major concern for the entire world. Since, almost 5 billion of people are currently lives below the poverty line. As a result, many argue the fact that the globalization impact on the pover ty level is not as much as it looks like. However, many studies also argues with the conclusion that globalization does not have too much impact on minimizing the poverty line of the world. According to Hirst, P., Thompson and Bromley (2015) after the implementation of the globalization, there is a steady decline in the proportionality of the poverty as compared to the whole number of world population. Since, globalization has developed the concept of outsourcing in the business environment. This has played extremely crucial role in developing job opportunities in the developing countries. As a result, the world has able to minimize the number of people lived below the poverty line. Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2012) highlighted the fact that globalization has positive impact on the per capita income of the people of the entire world. Since, many businesses have able to develop and expand because of the globalization. Traditionally, globalization minimizes economies poverty because more number of integrated economies tends to grow very quickly and this amount of growth is diffused widely (Kaplinsky 2013). Particularly, in case of low-income economies, people can actually move to below the poverty line to a better jobs or lifestyle because of the implementation of the globalization process. In addition, globalization has brought about the competition among the economies. This has played crucial role in developing strong and powerful economy all across the world. However, globalization also has certain amount of negative impacts on the economy. As mentioned earlier, outsourcing of work increases job opportunity in the developing countries but it also increases the opportunity to miss-utilization of the globalization (Murray and Overton 2014). Many incidents were found were companies having practices outsourcing because it has able to get labor or worker at a very cheaper price. In the present environment, globalization has increases job insecurity to new level. Since, it induces employees to face challenges not only from the domestic market but also from the international market as well. Globalization has minimizes the chances of many small size organization or startup firms to develop their businesses effectively (Pieterse 2015). Since, the startup firms now not only have to compete with the challenges from domestic market but also have to face challenges immense competition from the international businesses as well. In the third world count ries, many belief that globalization has completely diminishes the popularity of the traditional product of these economies. According to McGrew and Lewis (2013) globalization is primarily benefited the companies the most rather than to consider the entire society for the development. Many believe that globalization provides opportunities to major multinational companies to utilize the resources of the third world countries. However, they do not focus too much on the development of these host countries. As a result, the benefit of the globalization process restricted among the developed countries people. In fact, many argue that globalization actually increases the differences between developed economy and underdeveloped economy. According to Moghadam (2012) globalization not only affected the differences between the economies but also increases the differences between rich and poor people within the economies. This is a major issue particularly in the third world. Since, globalization influences rich people to become even more rich and poor people to become even poorer. However, the positive impact of glo balization cannot be ignored as well. As globalization influences international trade to occur much more effectively, it increases the bonding among the different economies. In addition regarding the globalization process also recently enforces developed economies to manage their businesses in such a way that the benefit of the process can actually shared with both the countries. WTO initiates specific rules and regulations for the effective implementation of the international trade so that both sides can have equal amount of benefit from this processes. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be mentioned that globalization is an issue that need to be handle very carefully so that it can prevent all the negative impacts affecting the economy. However, it has to mention that the forces behind the globalization process cannot be prevent or stopped. Therefore, it only have to direct in such a way that it actually can able to help the economies to move forward in a developed way. It is also very important that an economy develops globalization that is socially and economically sustainable. Since, sustainable form of globalization proves to be more beneficial to reduce cost that will actually help the entire humanity. Direct impact of globalization is on the health system as well as on multinational trade, policies and agreements. On the other hand, indirect impact of globalization has its affects on the factors like trade liberalization. Hence, extremely important factor actually can make or break an entire economy. References: Aas, K.F., 2013.Globalization and crime. SAGE Publications Limited. Altbach, P., 2015. Higher education and the WTO: Globalization run amok.International Higher Education, (23). Baylis, J., Smith, S. and Owens, P., 2013.The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Beck, U., 2015.What is globalization. John Wiley Sons. Benera, L., Berik, G. and Floro, M., 2015.Gender, development and globalization: economics as if all people mattered. Routledge. Docquier, F. and Rapoport, H., 2012. Globalization, brain drain, and development.Journal of Economic Literature, pp.681-730. Dunning, J.H., 2014.The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Evans, P., 2012.Counterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Hegemonic Globalization. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Fujita, M. and Thisse, J.F., 2013.Economics of agglomeration: cities, industrial location, and globalization. Cambridge university press. Hay, C. and Marsh, D. eds., 2016.Demystifying globalization. Springer. Hirst, P., Thompson, G. and Bromley, S., 2015.Globalization in question. John Wiley Sons. Hitt, M., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Kaplinsky, R., 2013.Globalization, poverty and inequality: Between a rock and a hard place. John Wiley Sons. McGrew, A.G. and Lewis, P. eds., 2013.Global politics: globalization and the nation-state. John Wiley Sons. Moghadam, V.M., 2012.Globalization and social movements: Islamism, feminism, and the global justice movement. Rowman Littlefield. Murray, W.E. and Overton, J., 2014.Geographies of globalization. Routledge. Narula, R., 2014.Globalization and technology: Interdependence, innovation systems and industrial policy. John Wiley Sons. Palan, R., Murphy, R. and Chavagneux, C., 2013.Tax havens: How globalization really works. Cornell University Press. Pieterse, J.N., 2015.Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Scott, A. ed., 2013.The limits of globalization. Routledge.

Nursing concept map for mental health free essay sample

Presenting Problem: This is a 28 year-old Caucasian female who was admitted to Doctors Hospital Psychiatric Unit 4 South due to an overdose on multiple medications. The patient was found by the police on January 13th picking through garbage near the hospital. Patient overdosed on approximately 30 Alprazolam, Venlafaxine, Trazadone, Benadryl, and Nyquil. She stated she remembered taking the all of the drugs, but does not remember anything after that. Patient believes that the stressors in her life are what caused to overdose on medication. Patient also states that the main reason she overdosed was because she was raped three days prior. Patients Perception of Stressors/Illness: Patient states that she is aware of her diagnosis. Patient believes that the stressors in her life are what caused to her overdose on medication. These stressors included financial issues, overwhelmed by school, and her job at a plastic factory where she has conflict with her boss. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing concept map for mental health or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page MENTAL STATUS EXAM Behavior: Patient was dress appropriately for the weather. The patient appears her stated age of 28. Patient’s weight was appropriate to height. She was not well groomed and did not practice proper hygiene. Patient sat stiff in the chair, often drifted during the conversation, and did not give consistent eye contact throughout the interview or at group therapy. Facial expressions were flat and she showed no emotion. Patient did not participate in group activities unless she was called upon by the social worker, and she would vaguely share her insight. Speech: Patient’s speech was organized and clear. She spoke at an extremely slow rate with a very soft volume. Attitude: Patient’s attitude was positive about getting treatment. She stated that she wants to â€Å"go home and get better so that I can care for my three children†. She comes to group activity, which shows cooperation and progress towards her treatment. Mood: Patient’s mood is anhedonic. She shows no interest in activities or in other patients. Affect: Patient’s affect was flat and she did not show much emotion throughout interview or in group activities. Thought Content: Patient did not speak unless spoken to. However, while conversing with the patient I noticed that her thoughts were appropriate to the conversation. Orientation: Patient is alert and oriented to person, place, time, event, and oriented to the significance of the circumstances of being in the hospital. Insight/Judgment: Patient exhibits fair insight and unstable judgment decisions. Although she understands that she has a mental illness, she is led to believe that suicide is the only option for her. Patient needs to improve on judgment skills. PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY Patient was first hospitalized in 2000 due to her first suicide attempt of overdose on vitamins. She was hospitalized again in 2011 when she overdosed on Tylenol. Patient has a history of anxiety attacks and depression that she has battled her whole life, with multiple outpatient treatments. PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATIONS Ideas of Harm to Self/Others: Patient denies suicide or homicidal ideations at the present time. However, a history of multiple suicide attempts ultimately puts the patient at a danger to herself and possibly others. Ego Defense Mechanisms (describe how used by the patient): One defense mechanism noted from the patient was dissociation. Patient stated that she had a bad childhood, and finds it hard to trust people. I notice that now she is dissociating herself from the world and feels disconnected from reality. Another defense mechanism used by the patient was rationalization. Patient states that she has trouble at work because her boss does not like her. Lastly, patient uses suppression when dealing with stressors. She feels that if she ignores them, they will go away (Varcarolis, Hlater, 2011, p. 216-217) Level of Self Esteem: Patient shows signs of chronic low self-esteem. Patient stated that â€Å"I have always been self conscious, I always feel like I am not good looking enough, especially the fat on my legs†. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, when self-esteem is compromised, we feel inferior, worthless, and helpless (Varcarolis, Halter, 2011, p. 39) Communication/Interaction Patterns (nonverbal communication): Patient did not exhibit many body movements when communicating with health care staff, other patients, or myself. Patient sat still in her chair and did not show any emotion with her thought process. Patient did not make eye contact with anyone she communicated with. Sexual Patterns (consider roles, identity, lifestyle): Patient states that she is heterosexual. Patient is not currently in a relationship nor is she sexually active. She used to have multiple sex partners in the past. Psychosomatic Responses (describe somatic complaints that may be stress related): Patient states that she has a lot of trouble sleeping. Other than insomnia, patient did not complain of any other somatic responses that could be stress related. Use of Alcohol or other Drugs: Patient denies the use of drugs and alcohol. Degree of Participation in Care/Groups: Patient was part of the Blue Group (Lower functioning). Patient did not exhibit interest in any group activities or care from the staff members. Patient would only answer a question if she was called on, but she never was the first to initiate a response during group activities. However, she is aware that group therapy, activities, and adhering to the medication regimen are all part of the program to be released from the psychiatric unit. Adjustment to Illness/Disorder: Patient has been battling mental illness from as long as she can remember. She has never formally â€Å"adjusted† to her illness. She is aware that she has a problem, however she is unable to see results in any treatment she received in the past. Previous Patterns of Coping with Stress: Patient uses suppression when coping with stress. She states that she â€Å"pushes things to the side and ignores them instead of dealing with them†. Patient states that she does not know how to properly cope with stress. CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INFLUENCES Environmental Factors: Patient’s financial situation is one of the greatest stressors in her life. She is a single mother with three small children. The father is not in the picture, so she has to care for her children alone without help from anyone. Patient also does not have health care insurance,  making it difficult for her to get access to healthcare. Religious Beliefs/Practices: Patient does not obtain a specific religion. Patient states that she is an atheist. Education: Patient currently attends Oakland Community College for Landscaping. She is only four credits away from earning an associates degree. Peer/Social Relationships: Throughout the shift, I noticed that the patient did not interact with peers. When asked, she stated that she does not have friends. One patient took a liking to H.C., however she did not seem to show much interest in him. Support System: Patient mentioned that she does not have much of a support system. Her children are currently with her aunt, and that is one of the only people she can count on for help if needed. Patient states that she is independent and would rather do things herself rather than rely on others as most people have disappointed her in the past. Occupational History: Patient states that she has had many different jobs in the past. Her most recent job was at a Plastic Factory working on the line. She believes that the job will not be available to her when she gets discharged from the hospital as she did not call the facility to let them know she is unable to come to work. Avenues of Productivity/Contribution (current job status, role contributions, and responsibility for others): Patient is employed at a Plastic Factory and is responsible for herself as well as her three young kids. Patient does not receive aid from the government, nor does she receive help from the father of her children. Health Beliefs and Practices: Patient believes that most health conditions (including mental illness) can be partially treated with proper nutrition. Healthy eating and exercise are important to the patient. Other Lifestyle Factors Contributing to Present Adaptation: None other than stated above. PHYSICAL HEALTH STATUS Co-existing Medical Conditions (need for medical management): None. Vital Signs: Blood pressure: 99/69, Heart rate: 133, Temperature: 98.2 F, Respirations: 16, No pain. Lab Results: Sodium: 141 mmol/L Potassium: 4.1 mmol/L Chloride: 110 mmo/L CO2: 28 mmol/L Anion Gap: 3 Glucose: 98 mg/dL BUN: 11 mg/dL Creatinine: 0.80 mg/dL NON-AA GFR: 91 APR AMER GFR: 110 Calcium: 8.2 mg/dL WBC: 4.10 K/ uL RBC: 3.00 M/ uL Hematocrit: 32.1% Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL Platelets: 162 k/uL Urine Specific Gravity: 1.02 Results of other Diagnostic Tests: None. Client Strengths: Patient states that she is a good mother. She stated that â€Å"Even after everything, I still try my hardest to give my kids a great life†. She also states that she is very artistic. Current Medications including Dosage and Frequency. Use the MAR form, Appendix D (Include what these medications are for and why ordered for this client. Use multiple pages, as necessary. Refer to MAR. DIAGNOSIS, PLANNING, INTERVENTIONS, EVALUATION DSM IV-TR Axis (List from patient record): Axis IBipolar Disorder Type 2, Acute Psychosis, Major Depression Axis IINone. Axis IIINone. Axis IVSupport group, occupational problems, economic problems, access to health care. Axis V 10-20. Nursing Diagnosis #1 (highest priority): Risk For Suicide RT: History of Prior Suicide Attempts (2000, 2011, 2013) AEB: Suicidal Ideations Short-term Goals/Objective (in measurable terms, with timeframe stated) 1. Patient will remain safe while in the hospital, with the aid of nursing intervention and support (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 483). 2. Patient will name two people she can call if thoughts of suicide recur before discharge (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 483). 3. State one positive thought everyday and why that positive thought makes her want to continue to live (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 483). 4. Make a no-suicide contract with the nurse covering the next 24 hours, then renegotiate the terms at that time (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 483). Nursing Interventions with scientific rationales: Identify one scholarly research reference for at least one nursing intervention from the priority diagnosis (provide copy.) 1. During the crisis period, health care workers will continue to emphasize the following four points: the crisis is temporary, unbearable pain can be survived, help is available, and you are not alone. Rationale: Because of â€Å"tunnel vision,† patients do not have perspective on their lives. These statements give perspective to the patient and help offer hope for the future (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 483). 2. Follow unit protocol for suicide regarding creating a safe environment. Rationale: Provide safe environment during time patient is actively suicidal and impulsive; self destructive acts are perceived as the only way out of an intolerable situation (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 484). 3. Keep accurate records of patient’s verbal and physical behaviors and all nursing/physician actions. Rationale: These might become court documents. If patient checks and attention to patient’s need or request are not documented, they do not exist in the court of law (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 484). 4. Put on either suicide precautions or suicide observation. Rationale: Protection of all patient’s life at all costs during crisis is part of medical and nursing staff responsibility. Follow hospital protocol (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 484). 5. Keep accurate and timely records, document patient’s activity, usually every 15 minutes (follow hospital protocol. Rationale: Accurate documentation is vital. The chart is a legal document as to patient’s ongoing status, interventions taken, and by whom (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 484). 6. Construct a no-suicide contract between the suicidal patient and nurse. Use clear, simple launguage. When contract is up, it is renegotiated. Rationale: The no-suicide contract helps patients know what to do when they begin to feel overwhelmed by pain (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 484). Patient Outcome/Evaluation Criteria (Evaluate the patient’s progress toward their goals). 1. MET: Patient stayed safe while in the hospital and was recently discharged. 2. PARTIALLY MET: Patient states that she will call her aunt if she has thoughts of suicide. 3. MET: Patient states she wants to live because she has three young children at home. 4. NOT MET: Patient did not make a no-suicide contract with the nurse. Nursing Diagnosis #2: Rape Trauma Syndrome RT: Sexual Assault AEB: Suicide Attempt Short-term Goals/Objective (in measurable terms, with timeframe stated) 1. Patient will express reactions and feelings about the assault before discharge (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 472). 2. Patient will have a short-term plan for handling immediate situational needs before discharge (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 472). 3. List common physical, social, and emotional reactions that often follow a sexual assault by the end of the day (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 472). 4. Patient will have access to information on obtaining competent legal council (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 472). Nursing Interventions with scientific rationales: 1. Approach victim in a nonjudgmental manner. Rationale: Nurses’ attitudes can have an important therapeutic impact. Displays of shock, horror, disgust, or disbelief are not appropriate (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 473). 2. Confidentiality is crucial. Rationale: The client’s situation is not to be discussed with anyone other than medical personnel involved unless victim gives consent (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 473). 3. Explain to victim the signs and symptoms many people experience during the long-term phase, like nightmares, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Rationale: Many individuals think they are going crazy as time goes on and are not aware that this is a process that many people in their situation have experienced (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 473). 4. Listen and let the victim talk. Do not press the patient to talk. Rationale: When people feel understood, they feel more in control  of their situation (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 473). 5. Stress that they did the right thing to save their life. Rationale: Rape victims might feel guilt or shame. Reinforcing that they did what they had to do to stay alive can reduce guilt and maintain self-esteem (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 473). 6. Do not use judgmental language. Rationale: Use the words: reported not alleged, declined not refused, and penetration not intercourse (Varcarolis, 2011, p. 473). Patient Outcome/Evaluation Criteria (Evaluate the patient’s progress toward their goals). 1. PARTIALLY MET: Patient expressed a few feelings about the incident, but nothing in depth. 2. NOT MET: Patient does not have a short-term plan for handling immediate situational needs. 3. NOT MET: Patient did not list common physical, social, or emotional factors following a sexual assault. 4. MET: Patient will have access to information on obtaining competent legal council. Additional Data Needed: I would like to receive more information on her past psychiatric history, as well as the details regarding the recent sexual assault. Patient did not answer questions in detail when asked. Learning Needs of Client to be addressed through Teaching: Patient needs more information regarding coping skills. Patient seems to be making the same mistakes (suicide attempt) over and over again. Client’s Perception of Progress: Patient believes that she is starting to feel better, and believes that she is on her way to recovery. She understands that she will need an intense outpatient therapy once she is discharged. Student Reflection: It is always interesting to talk to different patient’s and to understand the reasoning behind their mental illness. From my experience, I notice that stress is usually the cause of exacerbated symptoms of a latent mental illness. As with H.C., multiple life stressors are what caused her to feel the need to attempt suicide for the third time. As always, speaking with H.C. has helped me with my communication techniques. Although she was not as verbal as other patient’s that I have had in the past, it was a nice change that ultimately challenged me to take charge and ask open-ended questions to be able to fully understand her more in detail. It will be a long road to recovery, but I see hope in the future for H.C. if she receives extensive outpatient treatment. References Varcarolis, E.M. (2011). Manual of psychiatric nursing care planning: assessment guides, diagnoses, psychopharmacology (fourth edition). St. Louis, MO: Saunders. Varcarolis, E.M., Halter, M.J. (2011). Foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing, a clinical approach. (sixth edition). St. Louis, MO: Saunders.a

Biography how reliable an Example by

Biography: how reliable? Biography from the Greek word bios, which means life and graphein for write, is a form of literature that tackles the life of certain person.This is to give importance for significant persons who have done something to be known of. A biography is not just a simple discussion of profiles. It also contains relevant events that contributed to whom the person it became. It also discusses how one done something to its society or to the people around him. Its not simply analyzing the impersonal facts, but also things why someone become such. It also analyzes and interprets significant event of ones life. We make arguments and interpretations about the persons achievements and accomplishments. Usually, biographies are for famous people in different fields and aspects. Need essay sample on "Biography: how reliable?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Biography doesnt always mean the truth. It basically sometimes depends on the writer. There are some biographies made just to make the person involved to be credible enough. Take the instance of some religious groups. We can think that biographies are made to tell their supporters on what they have done. They put things and sources that could possibly make someone believe to what they are offering. They can tell lies, and they can tell truths. Somehow, the reader may not trace if the information that was given was true. On the other hand, the purpose of biography for religious group is not mainly for negative thing. As said, it can be either for knowing things and an opportunity for the supporters on whom to believe. This may serve as a path for them to trace and acknowledge persons that deserves to be one. Specifically, Li Hongzhi, founder of Falun gong, in China, has several biographies and has done such sin. Dated July 22, 1999, Li Hongzhi was arrested due to illegal changed of biography. He has been accused for falsifications of certain documents. This has been used to change his identity in order to be credible by his fellow supporters. As reported, many have died, mentally disordered as well, being a result of obsession with Falun Gong. It also resulted into different problems with regards to health and some financial problems with the people involved. Li introduced Falun Gong as a system of cultivating body and mind, but realistically, it was kind of cult that manipulate peoples mind and body so that he can easily handle them and for the expansion of the organization. Some may ask why he has done this. But its just one thing- for money. Li earned more than enough money for teaching people of practicing and engaging with Falun Gong. Then when he saw that many were interested with Falun Gong, he changed his way of collecting money. He treated deceased people as by exerting his potential of healing. He founded Falun Dafa and Falun Gong. But we all know that way of cheating will not last. That was the time when he chose to change his own profile. He changed his date and place of birth. He changed everything in him, even the schools he attended and even the events in his life. For this, the people would merely believe that he was the reincarnation of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism (and also to fit the Chinese lunar calendar which w as believed to be the birthday of Sakyamuni). Based here, Li used his biography for illegal purposes. So, basically, we cannot rely on biographies for us to know a person. This may contain ideas and information that are not mostly true. Such information pushes us to believe in a certain something, probably with ideas that were not quite proven and there just exist a man wholl tell us to believe what he feed us. This case basically implies that sometimes, biographies are not that credible because it only tells something that we are not able to see. Things like this need more supporting proofs to make them be credible. Words are not that enough to describe a person. Sometimes, we need to find reasons why we have to believe something. We need to evaluate things before we engage onto that. However, judgment will be based on the readers and the acceptor of the ideas. References Li Honzhi, http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/china/1999/990912-falun-gong.htm, August 09,2007

Living and Working in Korea Essay Example

Living and Working in Korea Essay Example Living and Working in Korea Essay Living and Working in Korea Essay The instance of Ellen Moore is really interesting and diverse. because it shows different grounds why jobs can happen in a undertaking direction and teamwork and foreground how cultural differences can impact the work in a really negative manner. There are several grounds why the undertaking has run into jobs. Some of these could hold been foreseen but some non. The chief job is that there were incorrect determinations made when making the squad and besides some hazards were falsely assessed to be less of import than they really turned out to be. First of all in choosing undertaking direction representative Andrew Kilpatrick underestimated the cultural differences and did non listen plenty to the warning from American advisers with WSI in Korea that it is impossible to direct a adult female to work in Korea. I don’t believe it is wholly impossible for a adult female to work in Korea. but Ellen should hold been more prepared and more informed about the local traditions peculiarly about the squad edifice and after-work dinners and how the Koreans’ regard for place and position would act upon the teams’ behaviour. From the instance it seems like excessively many things came as a surprise to Ellen and it was difficult to concentrate on the primary undertakings. Another job was in the squad composing particularly in apportioning functions. There were 2 undertaking co-managers – Ellen and Jack – assigned to the squad. But Jack was given an feeling that he will be the exclusive undertaking leader. For this ground Ellen’s add-on to the squad created tenseness between them and from the beginning and this undermined their opportunities to work together for the same end. If it was decided to hold 2 equal undertaking director places. so their functions should hold been allocated. For illustration each undertaking director would hold specific countries of duties and the remainder of the squad would be informed about these duties. Alternatively both undertaking directors ended up contending for the power alternatively of working towards the common end. The development of the events in the squad besides suggests that it was a incorrect determination to name 2 squad directors. because it is clear that the squad performed better when they were led by one squad leader – when Jack was around the Korean squad would follow his instructions. but when Jack was off and Ellen was the lone leader the squad cooperated and worked good under her supervising and coaching. The 3rd job was the expertness and experience of the Korean advisers. The American portion of the squad was merely partly informed about the teams’ makings. But it shortly turned out that none of them had sufficient old experience to work on this undertaking. That the teams’ rawness turned out to be one of the grounds the undertaking ran into jobs is partly because of Ellen’s certitude. When she realized what is the existent making and experience of the squad members she thought she could work around it and develop the people on the squad. Alternatively of proposing alterations in the squad she relied on her accomplishments as a manager to better the state of affairs. All these grounds are to fault that the undertaking is in serious problem and without clear action program the undertaking can non be put back on path. One solution that could be done to acquire the undertaking back on agenda is for Andrew to take on a more active function in the squads work and become the squad leader in Korea and supervise both Ellen and Jack and the whole squad. Since both Mr. Song and Mr. Park think that Ellen is the job and is non effectual. there is non much she can make to go on the function as the squad leader because the supervisors in Korea don’t back her up. And in this state of affairs it would be difficult for her to go the team leader over Jack. If all the squad members remain in their topographic point under Andrews supervisings. functions to each member should be allocated besides tem members need to be motivated to work together to accomplish the end. Wagess for cooperation and tem work could be in topographic point here. Another option could be taking Jack from the squad and happen a Korean adviser that has experience with SI undertakings. This solution would extinguish the tenseness in the squad and besides increase the professional capacity of the squad. If the budget of the undertaking allows one more possibility would be to include extra squad members with more expertness to help the squad. Besides altering the squad members could be a solution. but there might be non adequate clip to wholly alter the squad and still pull off to complete the undertaking on agenda. Although the state of affairs is instead complex because the squad is covering non merely with professional jobs but besides with forces jobs and jobs caused by non understanding the different civilization. there are some things that Ellen could hold done otherwise. First of all she should hold tried to pull Andrews and Mr. Park’s and Mr. Song’s attending to the fact that the squad members are non qualified sufficiency to work on this undertaking in the early phases of the undertaking. She should hold asked to either alter the weakest members of the squad or have extra preparation for the squad to raise their degree of expertness. As for cooperation with Jack I think that the battle for the power between the two of them was inevitable. but one manner how to seek to cover with the state of affairs could hold been Ellen’s enterprise to set up some land regulations on how they interact with the squad. how they divide duties between them. Her background information shows that she had old experience in taking squads so likely besides knowledge in struggle declaration and actuating people. Clearly Jack needed some motive to go a squad participant. But wholly I think that most of the jobs occurred because Ellen’s supervisors made incorrect appraisals about the undertaking and the state of affairs and besides made some bad determinations in the beginning.

Drinking ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drinking ages - Essay Example These laws encompass an extensive range of actions and issues associated with alcohol consumption; they clearly indicate when and where alcohol can be imbibed. However, the legal age for consumption of alcohol can be different from the legal age for purchasing of alcohol (Kindelberger 197). Furthermore, these laws are variable among different countries and many laws have room for exemptions under special circumstances; and most laws only restrict the imbibing of alcohol in public places, with no imposition of restriction on alcohol consumed at home. Many countries have different age restrictions for different kinds of alcoholic beverages. The United Kingdom is the only country that has set a minimum age restriction for imbibing alcohol at home. Whereas, in some countries minors are not restricted to consume alcohol, but the alcohol can be seized, and some restrict selling of alcohol to minors. Although the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 clearly specified that individuals of 21 years of age or older are allowed to purchase and consume alcohol, there have been intermittent debates whether the drinking age should be 21 or be lowered to 18. Scientists supporting either side come with substantial evidence. However, popular sentiment tells that there are more people supporting the legal drinking age of 21 than those supporting 18 years of age. The arguments from both sides are primarily centered on adults of age 18-21, and college and university students (Kiesbye 57). A large number of college and university officials have sparked debates that current alcohol drinking laws have poorly failed; that instead of drawing students away from alcohol, they have simply forced students to take underage drinking in secrecy toward dangerous extremes, and it has established a wide-spread culture of clandestine drinking among young adults,

The source Code for the implementation of Python Coursework

The source Code for the implementation of Python - Coursework Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that for each of the data files, the program performed multiple query execution. There were 7 questions, each with a separate SQL command to be executed in the program. The outcome is that the output is also displayed as a continuous block at the end of each source code. Essentially, because the questions applied to all the datasets, all the sections of the source code remained the same except the name of the table, which varied in all the source codes, from table2, to table3 then to table4. With this, the results were obtained differently. The second area of modification involved introduction of advanced methods in the management of the data files. This involved the introduction of GUI interactive platform to replace the command line. For example, the user is prompted by the system to enter the file name as shown in the paper. The program worked as per the requirement. This is confirmed by the screenshots captured during the execution of the program. The screenshots contain accurate values for the answers to the 7 questions in each stage. In that regard, the program is not only running, but also it is answering all the 7 questions in various ways. The program was executed in python 2.7.6. The challenge faced in its development process was to eliminate numerous errors. Various syntax and runtime errors were faced in the preparation of the program. The second challenge was the integration between python program and SQLite program. In this project, I have been able to develop the program to perform the analysis of the data in the CSV data files. The future of this program focuses on the ways of increasing the use of graphical tools and objects to further simplify the entire process. The level of success in this project can be given an overall rating of 77%. Once the transformation is done and the system becomes a full GUI application, then the rating can be increased beyond the current 77%.

Case Study- Democracy and Islam Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

- Democracy and Islam - Case Study Example After the overthrow of dictatorial regimes in Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya during the Arab spring, demands for a democratic form of government are also brewing up in the neighboring Arab states. The case study, written by Tessler and Brand in the year 1995, sheds some light on the present events happening in the Arab world as they reflect some repercussions originating from the historical realms of political Islam and democracy. The subject is of vital importance considering the current trend in Arab politics and its implications on international politics at large. The current events occurring in the Arab world have deep connections with the history of democracy and Islam in the region, and can be better understood with regards to the historical trends. According to Tessler and Brand (1995), Islam has significantly grown in its importance in the Arab world. Such sentiments are visible through the more apparent praying and veiling. And many campaigns seem to rake in a lot of support as they reinforce the Islamic banner. Such a support can materialize into successful election of the candidate provided that an electoral poll takes place. However, not all scholars agree with the supposed positive correlation between democracy and Islam. Many scholars argue that democracy and Islam are incompatible. To make a statement about the issue requires serious study into the current air prevailing across the Arab world while also seeking guidance from the theoretical frameworks. Political Islam is usually viewed as a conflicting concept to secularism or other liberal forms of democracy. However, in the Arab world, it is almost impossible to eliminate religion from political systems. The events of the Arab spring demonstrated the need to reconsid er the relationship between Islam and democracy as ideological rivals. Individual protests during the Arab spring grew immensely strong eventually changing the political system from authoritarian to democratic. More

United States Economic Interest in South Asia

United States Economic Interest in South Asia After the Cold War, US emerged as the sole super power in the world. It started establishing military bases in all regions around the world. Central Asia, South Asia, Middle East and East Asia are the regions which have their own peculiarities. South Asia due to its presence along Indian Ocean, proximity to oil rich Central Asian States, nuclear rivalry between India and Pakistan and its neighbourhood with Afghanistan; has peculiarities and strategic importance which US could not ignore. Resultantly, especially after 9/11, US entered this region in the garb of war on terrorism and engaged both Pakistan and India in strong strategic relationship. Emergence of China and India in the region as economic powers has attracted the world powers. This paper will endeavour to highlight US economic interest in this region to gain hegemony in the Indian Ocean, maintain presence in oil rich central Asia, check Chinese influence in South and Central Asia and Indian Ocean, continue its war on terrorism in Afghanistan and bring political stability, control flow of oil from Persian Gulf, and gain control of Sea Line of Communications in the Indian Ocean. After identifying and analysing US economic interests in particular, certain recommendations would be proffered for South Asian countries so that we should not fall prey to the great game of the super power. Problem Statement Economic affairs have assumed a greater importance under the prevalent environments of uni-polar world, where major powers are looking for new markets. South Asia is one of the biggest and most lucrative consumer markets. Emerging economies of India and China has given special status to this region. Resultantly, US economic interests in the region have increased its manifold. Foregoing in view, carry out an in depth study of US economic interest in South Asia, its implications for the region and suggest recommendations for regional nations to safe guard their economic interests. Background Economic globalization involves arguably the most fundamental redesign and centralization of the planetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s political and economic arrangements since the Industrial Revolution. Despite the scale of the global reordering, neither our educational institutions nor the mass media have made credible effort to describe what is being formulated, to explain its root philosophies or to explore the multidimensionality of its effect on out society and economy. The occasional descriptions or predictions about the global economy and scarcely the US interests highlighted have found place in the media. Hissing sound is heard from corporate leaders, their allies in high levels of government and newly powerful centralized global trade bureaucracy. The vision they offer us area unfailingly positive, even utopian. Globalization i.e by increasing US ingress in our economy will remain to be a panacea for all our ills. Sri Lanka like the other third world countries confronts a major dilemma today regarding its deplorable economic conditions internally and trying to keep her relevance in the charging economic climate of South Asia. Growing US interest in the region is in fact the food for thought for Sri Lankan think tanks. Purpose of Study The growing US interest in India is to be viewed deliberately and at the same time its effect. Thus clear shift from Geo political/ strategic to Geo economic is visible on the map of South Asia. Study thus seeks to analyze the affect of growing US interests in the region and Sri Lankan stance being relevant to the changing US economic interests in South Asia. chapter two Significance of the Study In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world, power is not only depending on a countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s might in her Military. The economic stability and sustainability also plays a magnificent role. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vitally important not only for the countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ who are big in population or in geographical area, but in those countries who are small in size of land in terms of population. The geographic location where the country lies does play no lesser degree. The research topic revolves around the poorest regions in the world and has millions of middle-class citizens. Plagued by low levels of literacy, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nonetheless produces distinguished scientists, artists and professionals. Contains an awesome and bewildering diversity of languages, religions and ethnicities, but is remarkably cohesive in terms of physical environment and natural resources. The countries share rivers, mountains systems, oceans and ecological cycles such as the life-sustaining monsoon rains. The states of the region have their share of disputes, along with deeply shared cultures and history. The prospect of a new departure in South Asia à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" US relations must be set against a past often burdened by mistrust and sharply different objectives. During most of the post à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" World War II period, US ties with India and Pakistan, the regionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s two powers, vacillated between close embrace and uneasy distance. The US interest in the region has risen and fallen; same has been viewed with a new dimension i.e the economic dimension of the US in the South Asian region. Before taking any further into the methodology and the problem statement it is worth mentioning the US economic interest in South Asian Countries specific. Afghanistan Present Aims Of US. In Afghanistan effort to transform what had become one of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s principal sources of instability into a secure and prosperous country. Steps which full fill the Geo Political aims of US are:- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rebuilding of the country and the society. Loya Jirga has been institutionalized. Rebuilding the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s infrastructure, education, health systems and security forces. Forward-looking economic policies. US has already provided over $2 billion in assistance to Afghanistan and will be providing an additional $2.2 billion more during this year. Training Afghan army, police forces; US and other allies are also building a network of Provincial Reconstruction Teams to help provide local security and coordinate development and reconstruction while easing the transition to civilian rule. Efforts to disarm and demobilize militias  [1]  . Bangladesh Back Ground. US and Bangladesh have been close friends and partners since 1971. Today the stakes are great; experts estimate that by the year 2025, there will be over 200 million people in Bangladesh and over 25 million people in Dhaka alone. Thus demographic challenges are of a great concern to a developing nation. US Investment and Concerns. At $1.3 billion, the US is Bangladeshà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s biggest foreign investor. The concerns of US while investing are:- Privatization, export diversification, deregulation, financial sector reform, and major infrastructure investments are essential to reverse the declining foreign investment trends and achieve steady economic growth. Corruption and poor governance. US has increased its assistance to Bangladesh for promoting democracy and good governance and combating corruption to over $8 million in Fiscal Year 2006. The hub of Population remains an attraction with availability of cheap and technical labor. As per Vishal, USA à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Bangladesh can seek a lot tech help from bigger partner USA and in turn send technical man power to the Statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  [2]  . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Bangladesh is sitting virtually on oilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  [3]  . Bangladesh Interests. Few of the analysts believe the US Presidents one day visit to the country is extremely important with the oil and gas reserves likely to be tapped. Bangladesh interests remain with US as:- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Aid oriented with investment in basic infrastructure. Human resource developmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. China  [4]  . Chinas entry into the WTO, makes the deal sound like a sure-fire winner for US workers. In particular, the deals supporters argue that expanded trade relations with China will lead solely to more exports to China. A closer look at the US governments own data reveals following:- China trade agreement under WTO and with US will be of greater capital mobility into China. US multinationals eager to deliver goods and services to the Chinese market as 1.1 Billion population market. Produce goods cheaply that can then be exported to the US and other markets. Results Growing US trade deficit with China. Growth of US multinationals and direct foreign investment i.e 10% increase in US direct investment in China. 7.3% increase in the volume of imports from China and a 2.1% decline of US exports to China. Surge of investment by US firms in China and the US trade deficit with China. Import competition from China involves different industries than in the past. Job losses seen by analysts in US markets; thus a technological shift to the populous pole of the world. India Indo-US Relations Since 1991. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“India and the US have multi faceted relations ranging from political, strategic to economic and commercial. India-US economic relations in the form of bilateral investments and trade constitute important elements in India-US bilateral relations particularly because India is now the second fastest growing economy in the world and USA is the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest economy. Economic Reforms introduced since 1991 have radically changed the course of the Indian economy and led to its gradual integration with the global economy. Benefits of the reform process are:- Better growth rates, higher investment and trade flows and accelerated decline in income poverty. USA is the largest investing country in India in terms of FDI approvals, actual inflows and portfolio investment. US investments cover almost every sector in India, which is open for private participants. Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s investments in USA are picking up. USA is also Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest trading partner. By 2003, India became the 24th largest export destination for the US. Since 2000, the two countries have been making efforts to strengthen institutional structure of bilateral economic relations by means of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“India-US Economic Dialogueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? that aims at deepening the Indo-American partnership through regular dialogue and engagementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  [5]  . The Strategic Economic Dimension of the US-India Relationship. India-US relations have seen a remarkable transformation over the last decade. The recent bilateral visit of Prime Minister to Washington from November 22-26, 2009 as the first State Guest of President Barack Obama has reaffirmed the global strategic partnership between India and the United States. The two leaders have reaffirmed that the common ideals and complementary strengths of India and the United States provide a foundation for addressing the global challenges of the 21st century and resolved to build on these to expand the U.S.-India global partnership for mutual benefit. It emanates from reformed and global Indian economy. Key contributors so as the US takes full advantage are  [6]  :- Economy. US and India are expanding cooperation to enhance job creation and economic growth; support economic reforms and liberalization; develop a bilateral business climate supportive of trade and investment; and improve market access for goods and services. Trade. Over the last five years, US exports to India have more than doubled, helping to create better-paying jobs in the US. The US and India agree that trade is essential to promoting global economic growth, development, freedom, and prosperity. Both countries are committed to completing the WTO Doha Development Agenda before the end of 2006. Investment. The US and India have agreed to hold a high-level public-private investment summit in 2006 and are continuing the dialogue on further liberalization of investment restrictions, regulatory transparency, dispute settlement, reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade. Agriculture. The US and India have launched the Knowledge Initiative on agriculture to link universities, technical institutions, businesses to support high-priority joint agriculture education, research, capacity-building projects and biotechnology. The joint declaration made in New Delhi during President Clintonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s visit i.e. India-US Relations: A Vision for the 21st century incorporates two important statements- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Natural partnership of shared endeavoursà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and more importantly that In many ways the character of the 21st century will depend on the success of our cooperation for peace, prosperity and democracy and freedom. Peace, prosperity, democracy and freedom cannot be secured by rhetoric, as has been the Indian experience. These can only be secured by rhetoric, as has been the Indian experience. These can only be achieved through politico-strategic initiatives with the strategic predominating. The Vision of India-US relations, jointl y seen, should therefore, logically incorporate the development of a strategic partnership, prompted by the imperatives discussed about. President Clintonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s visit to India, it is hoped heralds the advent of the inevitable.  [7]  . Importance of Indian American Joint Venture. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Today, Indian-American and Indian investors enjoy a very influential presence in Washington, key areas being:- Wall Street/Media. Some 2 million people of Indian origin are in the US wall street/media business. Indian Students In US. There are over 85,000 Indian students in the US more than from China. Benefits To Indian Populous. US trade and investment with India is only 10 percent of what it is with China, this is changing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to the benefit of Americans and Indians through increased opportunities in India for American trade and investment. Polls in India show a notable 75 percent favorable view of the US. Out Sourcing. While outsourcing has become a controversial issue, the US actually enjoys a healthy surplus in trade in services with India. In 2004, US exported $4.6 billion worth of services to India, a surplus of $1.8 billion. Trade Growth. $16 billion in two-way trade in 1998, US-India trade has grown to $26 billion in 2005 US exports, now at approximately $8 billion, grew almost 30 percent last year and is expected to continue further. Strategic Sale Agreements. Boeing has sold almost $15 billion in new aircraft to India and two US airlines have opened non-stop routes to India. Airport privatization is underway and the air transport market has grown by close to 40 percent in the past year. Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Energy Needs. India is a nation of 1.1 billion people. With its rapid economic expansion, it has a massive and rapidly growing appetite for energy and is already the worlds sixth largest consumer of energy. US-India Energy Dialogue, aimed at strengthening energy security and promoting the development of stable and efficient markets in India. US India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative. Civil nuclear cooperation with India will elevate the US-India relationship to new heights  [8]  . The IT Sector Of India. This sector has its following linkage with the growing US interests:- Compounded Growth. 50 percent since 1991. Soft Ware Requirements. Today, nearly two in five of the fortune 500 companies outsource their IT requirements to India. IT Sector Collaboration. Especially, in areas like:- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Communication infrastructure. Optic fiber cable and gateways. Satellite-based communication wireless. IT-enabled services and IT enable education. Data centers, server farms and software developmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  [9]  . Future Prospects in Economic Investment. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“There are several areas where economic cooperation between India and the US can progress further. These include :- Infrastructure. Telecom sector. Energy, knowledge based industries such as pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. Investor friendly environment in sectors such as roads, ports and airports. Private sector participation in management, Build operate and Transfer (BOT) projects, green-field airports, terminals, shipping berths and capacity augmentation have been initiated. Security Science Related Economic Interests. The US and India are building the foundation of a durable defence relationship to support their common strategic and security interests which include:- Maritime Security Cooperation. The US and India are committed to a comprehensive cooperative effort to ensure a secure maritime domain. Counterterrorism. The US and India are jointly expanding the scope of counterterrorism cooperation, including work on bioterrorism and cyber security. Military Logistics Support. The US and India will soon sign an agreement to facilitate mutual logistic support during combined training, exercises, and disaster relief operations. Defence Trade. The US reaffirmed its goal to help meet Indias defence needs and to provide the important technologies and capabilities that India seeks. Non-Proliferation. Both countries support efforts to limit the spread of enrichment and reprocessing technologies. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). The US is funding IPR training programs to strengthen enforcement and patent examination, as a vibrant IPR regime is critical to the promotion of a creative, technologically advanced economy. Science. The US and India established and co-fund the $30 million Bi-National Science and Technology Commission to generate collaborative partnerships in science and technology. Space. The US and India have agreed to continue exploring further cooperation in civil space, including areas such as space exploration, satellite navigation, and earth scienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  [10]  . US Presidents George W. Bush Visit To India We have an ambitious agenda with India. Our agenda is practical. It builds on a relationship that has never been better. India is a global leader, as well as a good friend. My trip will remind everybody about the strengthening of an important strategic partnership. Well work together in practical ways to promote a hopeful future for citizens in both our nationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  [11]  . President George W. Bush, February 22, 2006 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Evolution of U.S.-Indian Ties: Missile Defense in an Emerging Strategic Relationship,  [12]   Maldives and Bhutan 21. Maldives is an Islamic Island nation where US have a close eye on its location being on the mouth of the Indian Ocean. East of Nepal between India and China is a small country Bhutan. US interest being to democratize the state. US is also involved in settling the problems of refugees between the two states i.e Nepal and Bhutan. Over all the US involvement remains more of humanitarian assistance  [13]  . Nepal 22. Back Gr. US enjoys warm relationship with Nepal for over 50 years. During this period, Nepal has evolved from a closed, monarchy-dominated society into an emerging democracy with growing economic opportunity. US has contributed $1 billion to improve the lives of the Nepalese people. Nepal also happens to have a key place in the eyes of the west with the likely interests emerging as under:- Peace and stability in South Asia. Nepals independence and territorial integrity. US also has significant strategic interest in the country because of her location. Washington supports economic and technical assistance to Nepalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. 23. US Investment Areas in Nepal. Mainly being:- Assistance programs for democracy, governance and conflict mitigation. US assistance to strengthen the Election Commission, Peace Secretariat, National Human Rights Commission and corruption ombudsman. Broaden participation in political parties and make them internally more democratic. Technical assistance and equipment to the Parliament / aid to a constitutional reform process. Assisting reintegration of internally displaced persons and funding election monitors. Promote economic recovery; especially in rural areas. Pakistan Pakistan and India Concernà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s US. Indeed the most common concern for an investment friendly climate stems out of the security concerns of the region as stated:- US ex Secretary Powell calls a triangle of conflict resolution. He says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We do not seek to impose ourselves as a mediator. Instead, we try to use the trust we have established with both sides to urge them toward reconciliation by peaceful means the leaders of both countries deserve enormous credit for the statesmanship they are demonstrating and for their determination to turn their historic confrontation into opportunities for all of their people. Although the road ahead is certainly challenging, we are optimistic that both sides want to keep up the momentum generated by their recent more open interaction and sound climate for over all peace in the region  [14]  . The Latest Perception Of US. Recent visit of US President defines US interests as under:- Five years ago, Pakistan was one of only three nations that recognized the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. That all changed after September the 11th, 2001. President Parvez Musharraf understood that he had to make a fundamental choice for his people. He could turn a blind eye and leave his people hostage to terrorists, or he could join the free world in fighting the terrorists. President Musharraf made the right choice, and the United States of America is grateful for his leadership. Pakistan now has the opportunity to write a new chapter in its history, and the United States want to build a broad and lasting strategic partnership with the people of Pakistan  [15]  . President George W. Bush, February 22, 2006 Pakistan US Collaboration. The areas of collaboration are:- War On Terror Fight Terrorism. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The US and Pakistan have cooperated closely in the common fight against terrorism, including along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. Al Qaeda Hunt. Pakistan has captured more than 700 al-Qaeda operatives, facilitators and associates since September 11, 2001. Pakistans Military Role. Playing an important role by providing intelligence and support to Coalition forces operating along Afghanistan. Security /Military Hard Ware Largest Security Assistance. Pakistan is one of the largest recipients of US security assistance. Foreign Investment. The United States has pledged $1.5 billion of Foreign Military financing to Pakistan from 2005-2009. Sale Of Advanced Systems. The United States supports Pakistans defence needs through sales of advanced systems. Sale Of F-16 Air Craft. Move forward with the possible sale of F-16 fighter aircraft to Pakistan. Non Nato Ally. In June 2004, President Bush designated Pakistan as a Major Non-NATO Ally, making Pakistan one of a select group of nations outside of NATO that have the benefit of a variety of military and financial advantages. Trade And Investment US Encourages Economic Prosperity. By supporting increased trade and investment linkages with the US, the region and the global economy. Bilateral Investment Treaty. Has sent a strong signal about Pakistans improving investment climate. Institute Reconstruction Opportunity Zones (IROZs). That would assist desperately poor border regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan to grow and diversify economically. Private Sector Involvement. Enhancing our capacity-building assistance to strengthen private sector competitiveness . Education Educational Assistance. US has provided more than $130 million to strengthen education programs for young people and adults over the last four years. Bilateral Educational Dialogue. US and Pakistan will establish a bilateral education dialogue to enhance US-Pakistan educational cooperationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  [16]  . Influence Of Regional Countries On Pakistan US Ties. Pakistans ties to other nations in the region are steadily growing with likely US investment, with rail, bus, and energy pipeline connections to several nations. Same will act as an antidote towards extremismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  [17]  . Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Influence. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“If China gets stronger than it already is, it will be a problem for the US,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? said Bordonaro, adding that the Chinese could use Gwadar, the port city in the Pakistani province of Baluchistan which is being developed with Chinas help, to counter Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s efforts to dominate the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Seaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  [18]  . US commitment since 2003. At the June 2003 meeting at Camp David, President Bush made a commitment to develop with Pakistan with a long-term, broad-based partnership worth 3 billion dollar .The areas of interest include:- Shared interests in promoting prosperity, peace, security, mutual understanding and tolerance in the region / across the globe. Strengthen cooperation on counter-terrorism and security including striking at the conditions that give rise to extremism and terrorism. Address poverty and hopelessness root cause for terrorism Cooperation aimed at fostering expanded commerce within the region including with Afghanistan and Central Asia. Booming Market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Most of the American companies in Pakistan currently have plans to expand their operations in the near future;a booming market of 160 million people and also as a potential hub for regional trade and transportationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? . Sri Lanka 29. Present Environment. Since 2009, May 19 Sri Lanka has rid off from the war, which was waging for 3 decades with Sri Lankan armed forces and Tamil minority. The present President has been elected for the second term of 6 years. Countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s development and re-settlement of internally displaced people is the key issues and challenges the government facing. At present the world looking at Sri Lanka with lots of allegations on humanitarian grounds and violation of humanitarian law. Some pointing the finger at the government while others are pointing it to the armed forces of the country. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Rajapaksa must give aid organizations access to hundreds of thousands of uprooted Tamils in the islands northeast. Overwhelmed doctors in overcrowded camps are amputating limbs without sufficient drugs and medical supplies. The people in those camps desperately need medical care, food, and water. And they should be allowed to return to their homes as soon as possible. 30. Ultimately, the only way for Sri Lanka to avoid another Tamil rebellion is to grant the Tamils some form of local autonomy in their region. Now that the Tigers have been crushed, the Sinhalese majority of Sri Lanka has no excuse for not addressing the legitimate grievances of the Tamil minorityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  [19]  . a. Internal Problems And Tsunami Relief. Sri Lanka with a broader range of governments to focus on the Tigerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financing and arms procurement. US Government is providing assistance totaling $134.6 million for tsunami-related relief and reconstruction in Sri Lanka. Methodology 31. The study will be carried out in reviewing the data sources which are available in the internet and the few resources available in the libraries. Chapter three Literature Review 32. Since this topic is very hypothetical, its data and material review is mainly based on internet. The author, in the course of research, has made an endeavour to find relevant data through various sources including books, periodicals, lectures by professors of Different Universities of Management and Sciences. The detailed guideline provided through sponsors Directing Staff of the Defence Services Command and Staff College. The author is extremely grateful for all those who spared their valuable time to contribute on this work. As mentioned earlier the new found aid is of immense help in formulating the paper i.e à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Internetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Chapter four IMPLICATIONS OF US INTERESTS IN THE REGION Following areas of interest emerge quite pronounced:- Diversify Energy Supplies. Persian Gulf oil resources have remained a major source of energy supplies. US consider it of vital interest to secure access to the Central Asian regionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s energy corridors in order to reduce dependence on Persian Gulf  [20]  . Oil/Gas Reserves in Caspian Basin. The Caspian Basin has an estimated US$5 trillion of oil and gas resources. Transporting it through Russia or Azerbaijan would greatly enhance Russias political and economic control over the central Asian republics, which is precisely what the west has spent 10 years trying to prevent. Piping it through Iran would enrich a regime, which the US has been seeking to isolate. Thus, Afghanistans significance stems from its geographic position as a potential transit route, from Central Asia, through Pakistan (Gwadar port), into the Indian Ocean and further to the Arabian Sea  [21]  . Penetrate Worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Most Lucrative Markets. Pipelines through Afghanistan would allow the US both to pursue its aim of diversifying energy supply and to penetrate the worlds most lucrative markets. In south Asia, by contrast, demand is booming with immense population graph and competitors are scarce. Therefore, pumping oil south and selling it in Pakistan and India, is far more profitable than pumping it west and selling it in Europe  [22]  . Domination over the Transit Routes/Crucial Sea-Lanes. With the increased importance of Central Asian oil reserves, moving through the Indian Ocean, importance of securing the SLOCs in the Indian Ocean have increased manifold. US intend to maintain a strong security presence in the South Asian region in cooperation with India as bigger role is expected by her in the region  [23]  . India à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A Strategic Partner. As the second most powerful military nation in Asia, US perceive India as an ideal strategic partner. During official visit to Washington, Prime Minister Vajpayee described India and the US as natural allies and significantly stressed that an Indo-US partnership was important for Asia both economically and militarilyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?  [24]  . China A Competitor, Not A Strategic Partnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. President Bush has described China as a competitor, not a strategic partnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Therefore, his administration is sympathetic to Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ambition to play a big power role in Asia. He also said that we must deal with China without ill-will but without illusions  [25]  . Regional Power Through US Collaboration. Recent developments suggest that India is actually inviting the superpower to its doorstep. India is among the few countries to endorse unconditionally the controversial US national missile defense (NMD) program  [26]  . Indian Ocean or Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Ocean. Sixty-seven percent of Chinas trade with the European Union is carried by sea across the Malacc

frank sinatra :: essays research papers

Sinatra, Frank (1915-1998), American singer and motion-picture actor, one of the most famous American singers of his generation. Born Francis Albert Sinatra in Hoboken, New Jersey, he sang with the big bands of Harry James and Tommy Dorsey in the 1930s.Influenced by American singers Bing Crosby and Billie Holiday, Sinatra anticipated the decline of big-band instrumental jazz music and helped establish an enthusiastic climate for popular singers. In the 1940s Sinatra embarked on a solo career and became the idol of so-called bobby-soxers, teenage girls who swooned over his crooning, soft-voiced singing. He appeared in such film musicals as Anchors Aweigh (1945), Till the Clouds Roll By (1947), and On the Town (1949). In 1953 he won an Academy Award for his nonsinging performance in From Here to Eternity. His performances in The Manchurian Candidate (1962) and The Detective (1968) were also highly regarded. During the 1950s and 1960s Sinatra teamed with a number of talented jazz arrangers, including Nelson Riddle, Neal Hefti, Quincy Jones, and Billy May, and produced a number of albums, now regarded as classic recordings, including Swing Easy (1955), In the Wee Small Hours (1955), Songs for Swingin' Lovers (1956), Come Fly with Me (1958), Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely (1958), Nice 'N' Easy (1960), and Strangers in the Night (1966). In the 1960s he also recorded with the big bands of American jazz musicians Count Basie and Duke Ellington. After a brief retirement from 1971 to 1973, Sinatra resumed his singing career. In 1993 he released the album Frank Sinatra Duets, on which many of his standard songs were engineered as duets with other famous singers. Contributors to the album included American singers Barbra Streisand and Aretha Franklin, Latin American recording star Julio Iglesias, and Bono, lead singer of the Irish rock group U2. The album sequel Duets II (1994), which won Sinatra his ninth Grammy Award in 1996, includes collaborations with country-and-western star Willie Nelson, jazz singer Lena Horne, and popular singer and songwriter Neil Diamond. frank sinatra :: essays research papers Sinatra, Frank (1915-1998), American singer and motion-picture actor, one of the most famous American singers of his generation. Born Francis Albert Sinatra in Hoboken, New Jersey, he sang with the big bands of Harry James and Tommy Dorsey in the 1930s.Influenced by American singers Bing Crosby and Billie Holiday, Sinatra anticipated the decline of big-band instrumental jazz music and helped establish an enthusiastic climate for popular singers. In the 1940s Sinatra embarked on a solo career and became the idol of so-called bobby-soxers, teenage girls who swooned over his crooning, soft-voiced singing. He appeared in such film musicals as Anchors Aweigh (1945), Till the Clouds Roll By (1947), and On the Town (1949). In 1953 he won an Academy Award for his nonsinging performance in From Here to Eternity. His performances in The Manchurian Candidate (1962) and The Detective (1968) were also highly regarded. During the 1950s and 1960s Sinatra teamed with a number of talented jazz arrangers, including Nelson Riddle, Neal Hefti, Quincy Jones, and Billy May, and produced a number of albums, now regarded as classic recordings, including Swing Easy (1955), In the Wee Small Hours (1955), Songs for Swingin' Lovers (1956), Come Fly with Me (1958), Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely (1958), Nice 'N' Easy (1960), and Strangers in the Night (1966). In the 1960s he also recorded with the big bands of American jazz musicians Count Basie and Duke Ellington. After a brief retirement from 1971 to 1973, Sinatra resumed his singing career. In 1993 he released the album Frank Sinatra Duets, on which many of his standard songs were engineered as duets with other famous singers. Contributors to the album included American singers Barbra Streisand and Aretha Franklin, Latin American recording star Julio Iglesias, and Bono, lead singer of the Irish rock group U2. The album sequel Duets II (1994), which won Sinatra his ninth Grammy Award in 1996, includes collaborations with country-and-western star Willie Nelson, jazz singer Lena Horne, and popular singer and songwriter Neil Diamond.